Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variation of the Western Edge of theWestern North Pacific Subtropical High During Early Summer and the Influenceof Tropical Sea Surface Temperature     

詹鸿宇  陈锐丹  蓝铭 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):57-70

This study reveals that the interannual variability of the western edge of the western North Pacific (WNP) subtropical high (WNPSH) in early summer experienced an interdecadal decrease around 1990. Correspondingly, the zonal movement of the WNPSH and the zonal extension of the high-pressure anomaly over the WNP (WNPHA) in abnormal years possess smaller ranges after 1990. The different influences of the tropical SSTAs are important for this interdecadal change, which exhibit slow El Ni?o decaying pattern before 1990 while rapid transformation from El Ni?o to La Ni?a after 1990. The early summer tropical SSTAs and the relevant atmospheric circulation anomalies present obvious interdecadal differences. Before 1990, the warm SSTAs over the northern Indian Ocean and southern South China Sea favor the WNPHA through eastward-propagating Kelvin wave and meridional-vertical circulation, respectively. Meanwhile, the warm SSTA over the tropical central Pacific induces anomalous ascent to its northwest through the Gill response, which could strengthen the anomalous descent over the WNP through meridional-vertical circulation and further favor the eastward extension of the WNPHA to central Pacific. After 1990, the warm SSTAs over the Maritime Continent and northern Indian Ocean cause the WNPHA through meridional-vertical and zonal-vertical circulation, respectively. Overall, the anomalous warm SSTs and ascent and the resultant anomalous descent over the WNP are located more westward and southward after 1990 than before 1990. Consequently, the WNPHA features narrower zonal range and less eastward extension after 1990, corresponding to the interdecadal decease in the interannual variability of the western edge of the WNPSH. On the other hand, the dominant oscillation period of ENSO experienced an interdecadal reduction around 1990, contributing to the change of the El Ni?o SSTA associated with the anomalous WNPSH from slow decaying type to rapid transformation type.  相似文献   

山西省地下流体观测井地下水类型综合判定     

姚林鹏  吕芳  宫静芝 《地震地磁观测与研究》2022,43(2):115-120

为提升对山西省地下流体观测井承压性的进一步认识,以位于该省北、中、南部的朔州井、静乐井、祁县井、洪洞井和东郭井为研究对象,选取水位、气压观测数据,并利用井水位的理论固体潮数据,分别对井水位进行气压的阶跃响应函数计算、FFT频谱和潮汐相位响应分析,综合判定地下流体观测井—含水层类型,结果表明,5口观测井地下水埋藏类型均为半承压水。  相似文献   

Heavy mineral composition and texture of the recently formed fluvial delta sediment of Lake Nasser/Nubia,Egypt and Sudan     

Omran E.Frihy  Essam A.Deabes  Abdelaleem A.Abudia  Ahamed Adawi 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):70-82

Surficial sediment samples collected from the recently formed fluvial delta in Lake Nasser/Nubia (Egypt and Sudan) in conjunction with data on bottom current and depth soundings are examined to interpret hydraulic-sorting processes and transport/depositional patterns.The～500 km long northeastwardtrending lake,lies within Egypt and Sudan,is created as a result of the construction of the Aswan High Dam in 1964.The original grain-size distribution and heavy mineral compositions of these samples hel...  相似文献   

Response characteristics of plunge pool slabs of Xiaxiluodu Hydropower Station to flood discharge pulsating-pressure under valley deformation conditions     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(4):100136

The key problem of the energy dissipation scheme of the arch dam body flood discharge and plunge pool below the dam is the stability problem of the plunge pool slab. As the protection structure of the underwater bed, the plunge pool slab bears the continuous impact of high-speed water flow. The hourly average dynamic water pressure on the slab is one of the main loads directly affecting the stability of the slab and is the main factor causing its erosion destruction. After the impoundment of the Xiluodu Hydropower Station, the measuring line of valley width in the plunge pool area has been continuously shrinking. By 2020, the cumulative shrinking value is about 80 ​mm. In light of the general background condition of valley shrinkage, daily inspection, annual detailed inspection, underwater inspection and drainage inspection of the plunge pool found that the plunge pool has experienced different degrees of damage, which greatly influences the long-term safety stability of the plunge pool. In this paper, the prototype observation data of flood discharge is used as the input load of pulsating-pressure, and the stress and displacement distribution of the plunge pool structure under the vibration load of flood discharge is analyzed under the condition that the stress and strain state of the plunge pool is changed under the influence of valley displacement. The results show that the stress, strain, and displacement distribution of the plunge pool are mainly caused by valley deformation, the vibration caused by flood discharge is little in influence, and the impact effect of deep hole flood discharge tongue on the plunge pool slab is weak.  相似文献   

Under the surface: Pressure-induced planetary-scale waves,volcanic lightning,and gaseous clouds caused by the submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano     

David A. Yuen  Melissa A. Scruggs  Frank J. Spera  Yingcai Zheng  Hao Hu  Stephen R. McNutt  Glenn Thompson  Kyle Mandli  Barry R. Keller  Songqiao Shawn Wei  Zhigang Peng  Zili Zhou  Francesco Mulargia  Yuichiro Tanioka 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(3):100134

We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached—at 58 ?km—the Earth's mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth's atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasi-continuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient (wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous (～1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot, volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ～12 ?h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 ?km³ and ～2 900 ?Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high frequency and intensity of lightning was enhanced by the production of fine ash due to magma—seawater interaction with concomitant high charge per unit mass and the high pre-eruptive concentration of dissolved volatiles. Analysis of lightning flash frequencies provides a rapid metric for plume activity and eruption magnitude. Many aspects of this eruption await further investigation by multidisciplinary teams. It represents a unique opportunity for fundamental research regarding the complex, non-linear behavior of high energetic volcanic eruptions and attendant phenomena, with critical implications for hazard mitigation, volcano forecasting, and first-response efforts in future disasters.  相似文献   

主余震作用下高强钢筋混凝土框架的易损性分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘平  王超  张健新 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):020-27

为研究主余震作用下配置高强钢筋的RC框架结构的抗震性能,根据相同设计指标和"等强代换"的原则,设计了三榀六层四跨的钢筋混凝土框架,纵向受力钢筋的强度等级分别为HRB400、HRB500和HRB600。通过OpenSees平台进行有限元建模,将最大层间位移角作为结构损伤指标,反应地震作用的结构响应。选取15条地震加速度时程,通过重复法构造人工主余震序列并进行IDA分析,得到结构在不同强度的主余震序列作用下的地震易损性曲线。结果表明:主震PGA越大,余震的最大层间位移角越大,结构达到各极限状态的概率越高。对比配置不同钢筋强度的三榀框架的计算结果,可知"等强代换"原则下,相同主余震序列作用时,钢筋强度的提高对结构抗倒塌性能有不利影响,但影响有限。  相似文献   

基于声波测试法对鹰滩页岩各向异性分析     

李卉 《地质与勘探》2022,58(6):1291-1299

页岩储层通常呈薄层状结构,一般认为其岩石力学参数具有横向各向同性,而其各向异性受围压（CP）、含水率和总有机质含量（TOC）等多种因素的影响。本文对不同围压下的鹰滩（Eagle Ford）页岩进行超声波波速进行测试实验,研究围压对鹰滩页岩波速及岩石力学各向异性的影响。实验结果表明,鹰滩页岩属于弱各向异性多孔介质,并具有横向各向同性、垂向各向异性的性质。纵波（P波）和横波（S波）波速随围压的增大而增大,特别是在低围压范围内增幅显著,同时围压增大会降低纵波和横波的各向异性,纵波各向异性比横波各向异性对围压更敏感。对鹰滩页岩各向异性分析为页岩储层压裂过程中裂缝的起裂和延伸规律研究提供了必要的力学参数。  相似文献   

内蒙古北山地区芨芨台子-小黄山蛇绿岩构造属性及与成矿关系: 来自阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩印证     

董洪凯 《地质与勘探》2022,58(4):767-777

阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩属芨芨台子-小黄山蛇绿岩带一部分,该构造带南北两侧地质体无明显差异,不具分界断裂的构造特征。本文对阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩与月牙山地幔橄榄岩进行岩石化学、地球化学对比分析,为芨芨台子-小黄山蛇绿岩构造属性提供新依据,并对阿民乌素蛇绿岩成矿潜力进行分析研究。笔者所在团队在地幔橄榄岩上部的辉长岩中获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄值为462.5±3.2 Ma,属中奥陶世。其上发育奥陶纪-志留纪公婆泉组岛弧拉斑玄武岩。该期地幔橄榄岩轻重稀土之比LR/HR＝1.63~3.68, (La/Sm)N＝1.70~6.92,(Gd/Yb)N＝0.36~0.52,表明岩石轻稀土略富集,稀土配分曲线呈不规则“U”型,估算其为原始地幔橄榄岩经过10%~20%部分熔融的残留物。原始地幔标准化蛛网图富集高场强元素U、Zr、Hf、Yb和大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti和大离子亲石元素Ba。与月牙山地幔橄榄岩标准化蛛网图对比,最大区别在于阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩明显亏损高场强元素Ti。初步研究认为阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩属SSZ型、高压型蛇绿岩,是岛弧裂谷的产物。该橄榄岩具有形成大型铬铁矿的成矿构造背景,是寻找蛇绿岩型铬铁矿的有利部位。  相似文献   

●●以下文章网络预出版（在线出版）于2022年12月20日，预计刊于《地质论评》2023年第69卷第1期(2023年1月15日发行纸质版）或2023年第69卷第2期（2023年3月15日发行纸质版）     

朱炜  张艳  韩润生  王磊  佘敏  魏平堂 《地质论评》2022,68(6):2022112011-2022112012

元素富集机制的研究是重现成矿过程和查明成矿机制的基础,有助于深化对矿床的认识,为找矿提供理论依据。本文总结了近年来关于铅锌元素的迁移与沉淀机制的研究及其应用,包括3种铅锌迁移沉淀模式,4种含铅锌流体驱动模式,铅锌的迁移形式及其沉淀机制;同时简述了我国高温高压实验的发展历程以及4种高温高压模拟实验方法。重点介绍了4种高温高压实验模拟方法及其研究现状：① 高压釜实验;② 热液金刚石压腔—激光拉曼实验;③ 熔融毛细硅管—激光拉曼实验;④ 计算机模拟实验。从封闭—平衡—静止到（半）开放—非平衡—流动、淬火分析到原位观察,应是今后高温高压实验的发展方向。以地质特征为基础,采用高温高压成岩成矿模拟实验结合计算机模拟,精细刻画成矿过程并揭示元素富集机制不仅是解决实际地质问题的有效手段,更是很长一段时间内要为之努力的方向。  相似文献   

地下水机器学习方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

齐永强  李文鹏  郑跃军  李慧  王成见 《水文地质工程地质》2022,49(1):1-11

随着我国地下水监测工作的高速发展,高频率高密度水位监测数据的出现催生了对其进行深入信息挖掘的需求。在传统地下水模型研究中,地下水水位监测值常位于模型构建过程的下游,当水位监测的时空密度逐渐增大时,新增信息无法有效传导至模型的规划阶段并指导概念模型的修订。文章提出了一种地下水系统补排边界的识别方法,在不建立地下水数值模型的前提下,以监测井空间位置为节点,按照德劳内原则建立三角网格。在此网格系统中,首先定义一个水力梯度变换函数gradF,以求取网格中任意位置的水力梯度;借鉴机器学习领域的优化算法,使用水力梯度场驱动含水层中随机分布质点的运行轨迹,并以此推断和识别区域内地下水补给和排泄边界。在环境地学计算平台EnviFusion-CGS中实现,并构建了详细工作流程。以山东省青岛市大沽河中下游含水层为示范区,对含水系统的补给区和排泄区的空间分布及其动态变化进行了分析,取得了良好效果。本研究为构建和修订已有含水层概念模型提供了新思路。  相似文献